XRD Analysis & X-Ray Diffraction testing laboratory
What is X-ray Diffraction?
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an analytical technique used to study the different phases of matter and crystalline materials.
XRD thus makes it possible to identify the crystalline compound(s) present in a material, as well as their crystallographic forms.
Materials analyzed using XRD at the FILAB laboratory
X-ray diffraction is a method of physicochemical analysis. This analysis is exclusively for crystalline materials, such as minerals, metals, ceramics, and composites. It is generally not applicable to liquids. Furthermore, X-ray diffractometry allows for the differentiation of products with the same basic chemical composition but different crystallization patterns, particularly in materials such as silica, steel, and alloys.
XRD analysis on powder for the pharmaceutical industry
In the pharmaceutical sector, powder X-ray diffractometer allows us to:
- determine the crystalline structure of drugs
- identify the individual components of complex drugs
- verify the purity and quality of raw materials
XRD analysis of minerals and natural solids
X-ray diffractometry on minerals and natural solids allows us to:
- identify and characterize mineralogical phases
- determine the mineralogical composition, crystalline structure, and physical properties
- understand the origin, evolution, and environmental impact of a material
XRD analysis of metals
X-ray diffractometry on minerals and natural solids allows us to:
- determine the crystalline structure of metals
- determine residual stresses in welds, coatings, and forgings, in order to prevent premature failures
XRD analysis at the FILAB laboratory...
FILAB Laboratory specializes in materials characterization, particularly using leading techniques such as XRD. FILAB laboratory supports you in XRD analysis for your analytical and quality control needs, as well as for expert assessments and process development for your crystalline and mineral materials.
Here are some examples of analyses using XRD:
Analysis according to ISO 13779-3: Crystallinity, Ca/P ratio and quantification of foreign phase on Hydroxyapatite (powder or sprayed form on medical device)
Crystalline defect analysis
Identification of chemical compounds
Determination of residual stresses
Material purity control
Foundry slag qualification
Study of the properties of a material
Determination of crystalline impurities
Study of phase transformations
Information obtained through XRD analysis
XRD analysis is used to identify and quantify the phases present in powders, alloys, ceramics, catalysts, pigments, partially crystallized glasses, or pharmaceuticals. It provides precise structural data:
By combining diffractograms with reference databases, the FILAB laboratory can confirm the conformity of a batch of material, highlight polymorphism, or identify the origin of degradation.
For metallic materials, XRD also makes it possible to assess residual austenite, the presence of carbides, or the state of internal stress.
XRD analysis using the Rietveld method...
As for quantitative analysis by refinement using the Rietveld method or by specific calibration, this allows the determination of the concentrations of these compounds in both trace and major amounts. Thus, the applications of this technique are numerous, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, geochemistry, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.
Complementarity and coupling with other technical means
XRD analysis becomes more effective when combined with other methods available at the FILAB laboratory. This multi-technique approach enhances our understanding of materials and facilitates comprehensive characterization.
- Combining XRD and SEM/EDS allows us to link crystal structure and morphology.
Coupling with DSC or TGA provides information on thermal transitions, stability, and phase transformations. - Furthermore, spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR complement the interpretation by providing data on chemical composition and molecular state.
Measurement of residual stresses during an XRD analysis
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an analytical method used to assess the stress levels imposed on surface layers and understand how these forces affect a material's strength and durability.
XRD analysis results allow visualization of the stress distribution within a material, as well as providing residual stress and strain values. This information is crucial for industries that want to ensure high-quality products for their customers.
Understanding the importance of measuring residual austenite
ReadWhen is XRD analysis useful?
Now that we’ve covered what X-ray Diffraction analysis is and why it’s performed, let’s explore the types of situations and industries where XRD testing becomes indispensable.
In R&D settings, especially in materials science, XRD characterization is an essential tool for developing new alloys, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers. It helps researchers understand the relationship between composition, structure, and properties—leading to better product innovations.
Failure Analysis : When a component fails unexpectedly, understanding the crystalline structure of the material can offer vital clues. For example, the presence of unwanted phases, improper heat treatment, or microstructural anomalies can be identified through detailed XRD testing.
In drug development, the polymorphic form of a drug substance influences its efficacy and stability. X-ray diffraction is used extensively to ensure that the correct polymorph is produced and maintained throughout production.
The crystal size and strain of nanoparticles or thin films can be analyzed via XRD line broadening and peak profile analysis. This is important for electronic devices, solar cells, and catalytic materials where nanoscale features dominate performance.
Routine XRD testing is employed in industrial settings to confirm that raw materials and final products meet specific standards. For instance, in metallurgy, confirming that a steel component has the intended martensitic or austenitic structure is key to performance.
The Role of an XRD Testing Laboratory
An XRD testing laboratory is a specialized facility equipped with advanced X-ray diffractometers, trained personnel, and data analysis tools. These labs offer a wide range of services, from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to in situ high-temperature measurements, and even small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for nanoscale analysis.
Here’s what makes a professional lab indispensable:
Accurate sample preparation: proper grinding, mounting, and orientation
Data interpretation expertise: ability to use software for Rietveld refinement, phase quantification, and crystallographic indexing
Customized reports: clear, detailed documentation tailored to client needs
State-of-the-art instruments: with high-resolution detectors and goniometers
Fast turnaround times: crucial for production workflows or time-sensitive projects
Whether you’re outsourcing to a contract lab or working with an in-house facility, choosing a reputable XRD testing provider ensures reliability and regulatory compliance.
FAQ
XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analysis is used to identify and characterize the crystalline structure of materials. It helps determine phase composition, crystallinity, crystal size, lattice parameters, and can detect structural defects. Industries like pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, geology, and construction frequently use XRD testing to ensure product quality and material performance.
Yes. Our XRD testing laboratory is equipped to analyze powders, bulk solids, coatings, thin films, and even small devices. If you're unsure how to prepare your sample, our team will guide you through the process.
No, XRD is a non-destructive technique, meaning your sample remains intact during and after the test. This makes it ideal for valuable prototypes, heritage objects, or forensic materials.
Absolutely. At Filab, we don't just send raw data—we offer complete analytical reports including interpretations, comparisons with standards, and tailored recommendations based on your application or industry.
Yes. Using line broadening and peak analysis, XRD can estimate average crystallite size in nanomaterials or fine powders. This is particularly useful in the development of catalysts, pigments, and nano-engineered materials.
You can contact us via our website or email to request a quote. We’ll then guide you through packaging and shipping instructions. Local clients may also drop off samples directly at our lab.
XRD (X-ray Diffraction) identifies crystal structure and phases, while XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) provides elemental composition. These techniques are complementary, and Filab can offer both if needed for comprehensive material characterization.
